摘要
礼仪书是欧洲宗教和宫廷社会的行为手册,其中包含的文雅观念能够体现近代早期西欧社会的价值选择与社会运行机制.15世纪以前的英国礼仪书以文雅举止为内在美德的体现,通过对举止的规训塑造贵族精神与良好人格.随着欧洲礼仪作品尤其是卡斯蒂廖内《廷臣论》的译介,英国社会认识到礼仪的伪装性与非道德性,将文雅视为自我塑造工具的设想使得德行合一的礼仪观走向瓦解.与此同时,都铎英国的社会失序使神定秩序观逐渐崩解,文雅举止的工具化特征使礼书对进一步重视他者感觉,考虑他人成为社交生活不可撼动的社会规约.尽管英国学者不断批判虚伪矫饰的礼仪风气,但也逐步肯定了身心分离和思想保留对于社会生活的重要意义,创生出尊重社会中每个成员的平等礼貌观.原本服务于等级秩序的文雅思想不断演进,促使人们放弃单纯通过举止判断德行的努力,最终推动了社会观念的平等化.
Abstract
The present paper,having its observation based on an analysis of books on manners in early modern Eng-land,contends that,as the hypocrisy and amorality of civility were exposed due to the translation and dis-semination of Baldassare Castiglione's The Book of The Courtier,the idea that civility was the unity of mo-rality and manner was gradually dead and meanwhile caring about feelings of others was attached greater importance in books on manners as civility was increasingly instrumentalized.
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