摘要
从元明竞争视角审视洪武前期外交,其实质是一次大规模的政治合法性建构活动.为摆脱元明军事对峙、士大夫阶级的政治疏离感,及明朝建政正当性的话语转变所导致的合法性困境,朱元璋积极开展外交,营造四夷来朝的盛世局面.元朝在洪武前期外交中扮演"不在场的在场者"角色.明朝在外交活动中以元朝为假想敌,不同程度地表现出对元竞争意识.通过《元史·外夷传》的书写,宣传不征政策,中山国改名及琉球来朝等,明朝分别建构了元朝的穷兵黩武形象与自身的和平形象,通过这种形象对比,彰显明朝的合法性优势.
Abstract
The present paper,rethinking diplomatic activities in the early Hongwu reign(1368-1398),in which the founding sovereign of Ming did his best to portray Ming as the peace incarnate and the overthrown Yuan as something militaristic,suggests that,driven by the consciousness of competition,Ming treated Yuan as an imagined enemy that presented itself through absence and in doing so Ming furthered its own legitimacy.
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