Biological characteristics and osteogenic differentiation of magnesium-doped nanoporous titanium coating
PURPOSE:Bioactive magnesium ions were successfully incorporated into the nanoporous titanium base coat-ing by micro-arc oxidation(MAO),and its physical properties and osteogenic effects were explored.METHODS:Non-magnesium-containing and magnesium-containing titanium porous titanium coatings(MAO,MAO-mg)were prepared by changing the composition of MAO electrolyte and controlling the doping of magnesium in porous titanium coatings.The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),roughness,contact angle and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDS).Mg2+release ability of magnesium-doped nanoporous titanium coatings was determined by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES).The structure of the cytoskeleton was determined by live/dead double staining,CCK-8 detection of material proliferation-toxicity,and staining of β-actin using FITC-phalloidin.The ef-fects of the coating on osteogenic differentiation in vitro were determined by alizarin red(ARS),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:The MAO electrolyte with magnesium ions did not change the surface characteristics of the porous titanium coating.Each group prepared by MAO had similar microporous structure(P＞0.05).There was no significant differ-ence in surface roughness and contact angle between MAO treatment group(MAO,MAO-mg)(P＞0.05),but significantly higher than that of Ti group(P＜0.05).With the passage of cell culture time,MAO-mg group promoted cell proliferation(P＜0.05).MAO-mg group was significantly higher than other groups in ALP and ARS staining.The expression of Runx2 mRNA(P＜0.05),ALP(P＜0.05)and osteocalcin OCN(P＜0.05)in MAO-mg group was significantly higher than that in Ti and MAO groups.CONCLUSIONS:MAO successfully prepared magnesium-containing nanoporous titanium coating,and showed a significant role in promoting osteogenic differentiation.
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