论机会平等
On Equality of Opportunity
姚大志1
作者信息
- 1. 吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨哲学社会学院,吉林 长春 130012
- 折叠
摘要
机会平等有广义与狭义之分,本文所讨论的是后者.狭义机会平等所分配的东西是一些重要而稀缺的机会:因为这些机会是重要的,所以很多人都希望得到它们,并为此相互竞争;因为这些机会是稀缺的,所以并非所有人都能够得到它们,其结果是不平等的.机会平等有三种基本功能:首先,它使人们对稀缺机会的竞争合法化了;其次,它为结果的不平等提供了辩护;最后,它能够使人力资源分配的效率最大化.机会平等能否发挥这三种功能,取决于它能否作为一种程序性的分配正义观念发挥作用;机会平等能否作为程序性的正义观念发挥作用,取决于它是否具有公平性.但是,机会平等的公平性是成问题的.
Abstract
Equality of opportunity can be defined in a broad and narrow sense,and the latter is discussed in this article.What is distributed by equality of opportunity in the narrow sense are important and scarce opportunities:because these opportunities are important,many people want to get them,and compete with each other for them;because these opportunities are scarce,not everyone has access to them,and the results are unequal.Equality of opportunity has three basic functions:firstly,it legitimizes competition for scarce opportunities;Secondly,it provides a defense for inequality in outcomes;Finally,it is able to maximize the efficiency of human resource allocation.Whether equality of opportunity can perform these three functions depends on whether it can function as a procedural concept of distributive justice;whether equality of opportunity can function as a procedural concept of justice depends on whether it is fair.However,the fairness of equal opportunity is questionable.
关键词
政治哲学/平等/正义/公平Key words
Political Philosophy/Equality/Justice/Fairness引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZX013)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据