摘要
宋代儒学是宋学的主流,程朱理学又是宋代儒学的主流.作为宋代新儒学的主要流派,程朱理学及其王道论不仅奠定了中国封建社会后期政治意识形态的理论基础,也成为儒家王道思想最成熟最具代表性的理论形态.程朱理学王道论的基本面向与主题,表现在:一是将形上的"天理"论运用于现实政治,得出"循天理以治国"的主张;二是把"正君心"摆在更重要的位置,丰富和发展了传统儒家的内圣外王之道;三是旗帜鲜明地坚持"以义为先""藏富于民"的治道理念,彰显着关心普通百姓生活和人间疾苦的民生旨趣.程朱理学不仅是修身之学,更是治世之学,它涵括了仁政、礼治、民本等多重思想维度,代表着王权与民利的最佳契合状态,是儒家经世致用的典型形态.因此,研究理学王道论具有拓展和深化宋代理学研究的意义和价值.
Abstract
Song Confucianism constituted the mainstream intellectual tradition of the Song dynasty,with Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism emerging as its predominant school.As a primary branch of Neo-Confucianism during the Song era,Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism and its theory of royal governance not only established the theoretical foundation of the political ideology in later feudal Chinese society but also epitomized the most mature and rep-resentative form of Confucian royalist thought.The fundamental aspects and themes of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confu-cianism's theory of royal governance are manifested as follows:Firstly,the application of metaphysical"Tian-li"(heavenly principles)to practical politics,advocating for governing the country in accordance with Tianli.Secondly,the prioritization of cultivating the ruler's moral character("zheng jun xin"),enriching and ad-vancing the traditional Confucian doctrine of inner sagehood and outer kingliness.Thirdly,the clear endorse-ment of prioritizing righteousness("yi")and the concept of concealing wealth among the people,demonstra-ting concern for the livelihoods and hardships of ordinary citizens.Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism is not only a discipline for personal cultivation but also a doctrine for governing the world.It encompasses multiple ideolog-ical dimensions such as benevolent governance,ritual governance,and people-oriented governance,represen-ting the optimal alignment between royal authority and the welfare of the people.It embodies a typical form of Confucianism tailored for practical governance.Therefore,studying the theory of royal governance in Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism holds significance and value in expanding and deepening the study of Song-era Confu-cianism.
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