Technological and Economic Paradigm Shift and the Formation of the Agricultural-Commercial Society in the Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty stands out in Chinese history as an exceptionally innovative period.The innovative technologies of this era were widely applied across various sectors of the economy.At least seven dominant technological groups were established,including agricultural tools and implements,iron smelting and coal mining,shipbuilding and navigation,bridge construction,papermaking and printing,ceramics production,and textile manufacturing.These technological groups not only exhibited high rates of technological advance-ment but also interpenetrated,synergized,and formed intricate three-dimensional connections.This interplay gave rise to a new techno-economic paradigm-the agricultural-commercial economy paradigm-which,in turn,systematically transformed into a driving force for economic growth.From a long-term perspective,it is evident that China's techno-economic paradigm has evolved through distinct phases:from the agricultural e-conomy paradigm to the agricultural-commercial economy paradigm,followed by the industrial-commercial e-conomy paradigm,and ultimately to the digital economy paradigm.