Effects of core-picking and planting methods on yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium'Fubaiju'
To study the effects of different planting densities and topping treatments at different times on the yield and quality of'Fubaiju',and to provide a basis for the industrial cultivation of'Fubaiju',fifteen distinct topping treatments were applied to the simultaneous planting of'Fubaiju',based on varying topping frequencies and specifications for the branches.This included three treatments for the initial topping,wherein 9,12,and 15 leaves were removed from the main stem.Subsequently,six treatments were employed for the second topping,involving the retention of 9 or 12 leaves on the sprouting side branches after the first topping,followed by the removal of the top tips of the side branches.Additionally,six treatments were implemented for the third topping,entailing the retention of 9 leaves on the secondary side branches following the second topping,with subsequent removal of the branch tops.Furthermore,three types of land preparation were established,corresponding to three distinct planting densities:single-row in a ridge(1 587 plants per 667 m2),double-row in a ridge(1 709 plants per 667 m2),and three-row in a ridge(1 754 plants per 667 m2).Measurements of plant height,crown width,number of flowers per plant,and yield per plant were conducted during the flowering period in order to identify suitable topping treatments and group planting densities for'Fubaiju'.The results showed that topping has been shown to enhance the floral output per'Fubaiju'plant.Furthermore,all topping treatments demonstrate superior yields per plant compared to the control group.Notably,topping also significantly enhances the proportion of one and two flowering batches.Among the 15 different topping treatments evaluated,the"12-12","12-9-9",and"12-12-9"regimens exhibit the highest yields.For comprehensive labor efficiency and optimal productivity objectives,we recommend adopting the"12-12"treatment,involving topping the main stem when it reaches 12 unfolded leaves and trimming the side shoots once they meet specified criteria.Among the three planting methods,compared to the optimal double-row planting,the estimated yield per unit area of the single-row planting is only 1.5％lower,with the highest individual plant yield.On the other hand,the individual plant yield is the lowest in the triple-row planting,resulting in a 15.3％decrease in estimated yield per unit area compared to the double-row planting.In the cultivation of'Fubaiju',employing double-row ridge planting with a plant spacing of 60 cm,approximately 1600-1 700 plants per 667 m2,and implementing a twofold topping method based on the"12-12"approach can effectively attain high efficiency and maximize yield.
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