摘要
叙述者的存在是研究戏剧文本叙事的起点.布赖恩·理查逊将戏剧中的叙述者分为框架叙述者、内在叙述者/独白叙述者、独角戏叙述者、生成叙述者、隐含作者和历史作者等多类.然而,他对叙述者的分类存在割裂文本与舞台演出、虚拟世界界限不清和标准过于单一的问题.戏剧文本中叙述者的分类应该着眼于戏剧文本的实际,充分吸收小说叙述者的理论成果,从服务于戏剧创作实践出发,进行多角度的划分.可以首先根据交际系统的不同区分、不同层级、不同层次将叙述者分为如外交际系统的叙述者、中间交际系统的叙述者和内交际系统的叙述者等,其次根据叙述者是否具有人格而分为人格化的叙述者、叙述声音或叙事化手段,再根据叙述者对故事的掌握程度分为整体/局部,可靠/不可靠、进程中/追叙型叙述者,根据叙述者对故事的态度分为同故事/异故事、故事内/故事外等不同类型.尤其要注意同故事与异故事的叙述者、故事内与故事外的叙述者、进程中与追叙型的叙述者、可靠与不可靠叙述者在戏剧创作实践中的作用.
Abstract
The existence of a narrator is the starting point for studying narratives in dramatic texts.Brian Richardson catego-rizes narrators in drama into various types,including frame narrators,internal narrators/soliloquy narrators,monologue narra-tors,and generative narrators.However,his categorization of narrators suffers from issues such as disconnecting the text from stage performance,unclear boundaries of the fictional world,and overly simplistic criteria.The classification of narrators in dra-matic texts should focus on the reality of the texts,fully incorporate the theoretical achievements from novel narrators,and em-bark from serving the practice of dramatic creation to make multi-faceted distinctions.This article suggests that narrators can ini-tially be classified based on different communication systems,levels,and layers,such as those in the external,intermediate,and internal communicative systems.Subsequently,they can be divided into personified narrators,narrative voices,or narrative devices,depending on whether they possess a personality.Then,they can be categorized according to their grasp of the story into comprehensive/partial,reliable/unreliable,and in-process/retrospective narrators.Lastly,based on the narrator's attitude to-wards the story,distinctions can be made between homodiegetic/heterodiegetic,intradiegetic/extradiegetic types,among others.Particular attention should be paid to the roles of homodiegetic and heterodiegetic narrators,intradiegetic and extradiegetic narra-tors,in-process and retrospective narrators,reliable and unreliable narrators in the practice of dramatic creation.
基金项目
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(21YJA760039)
国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目(22ZD07)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据