"参汉酌金"立法思想视域下的清代丁忧制度
The Dingyou System in the Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Legislative Ideology of"Can Han Zhuo Jin"
姬元贞1
作者信息
摘要
丁忧制度从儒家伦理中的孝道思想演变而来,自汉代开始逐渐法律化,形成了一项职官制度.清代作为边疆民族统治中原王朝,不仅吸收了明代汉文化中丁忧制度的经验,同时也融合了本族习惯,"参汉酌金"将丁忧制度应用于清代官员制度中."参汉",即借鉴前代丁忧制度的回籍守制等规定,同时,具体内容也随着统治者的需求变化而不断改进."酌金",则体现于丁忧制度中对待满蒙与汉族官员的区别上.由于满蒙族不曾有丁忧的传统,为了兼顾其习惯,清代丁忧制度中的规定和实施对满蒙与汉官员都有所不同.除此之外,还有"夺情"这一历朝历代都存在的例外情形."丁忧"是"孝"的体现,"夺情"便是与之不能两全的"忠"的代表.清代在"丁忧"的"孝"与"夺情"的"忠"之间也做出符合统治需要的调整.清代丁忧制度在"参汉酌金"立法思想下的核心理念体现在:清廷在法律制度的构建和实践过程中重视主动学习模仿儒家文化,同时也注意保留自身的传统和习俗.
Abstract
The Dingyou system,which evolved from the filial piety thought in Confucian ethics,has been gradually legalized since the Han Dynasty,forming an official system.As a frontier ethnic group ruling the Central Plains,the Qing Dynasty not only absorbed the experience of the Dingyou system in the Han culture of the Ming Dynasty but also integrated its own tribal customs.The legislative ideology of"Can Han Zhuo Jin"applied the Dingyou system to the official system of the Qing Dynasty."Can Han"refers to drawing upon the previous dynasty's Dingyou system,including regulations such as returning to one's hometown for ob-serving mourning rituals.At the same time,the specific content is also constantly improved with the changing needs of the rulers."Zhuo Jin,"is reflected in the Dingyou system,which distinguishes between Manchu,Mongolian,and Han officials.Since the Manchu and Mongolian ethnic groups did not have a tradition of Dingyou,to take their customs into account,the regulations and implementation of the Dingyou system in the Qing Dynasty differed for Manchu,Mongolian,and Han officials.In addition,there was also the exceptional case of"Duo Qing"(The emperor granted special dispensation for certain officials who were in mourning to not observe the full period of mourning,or for those who had not yet completed the mourning period to resume their duties),which existed in every dynasty."Dingyou"embodies"filial piety",while"Duo Qing"represents"loyalty"that cannot coexist with it.The Qing Dynasty also made adjustments between"filial piety"of"Dingyou"and"loyalty"of"Duo Qing"to meet the needs of governance.The core concept of the Dingyou system in the Qing Dynasty under the legislative ideology of"Can Han Zhuo Jin"is reflected in the fact that the Qing court paid attention to actively learning and imitating Confucian culture in the pro-cess of constructing and practicing the legal system,while also paying attention to retaining its own traditions and customs.
关键词
参汉酌金/丁忧制度/孝道/夺情Key words
Can Han Zhuo Jin/Dingyou system/filial piety/Duo Qing引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据