The Debate over"Association of Nations"versus"League of Nations"in the United States after World War Ⅰ
Warren Harding,President of the United States,once publicly declared that he would use"Association of Na-tions"to replace Wilson's"League of Nations"after World War Ⅰ,which triggered a heated debate in the United States.This"politics of naming"reflects the conceptual competition and value divergence among American political elites on the issue of world unity at that time.From the perspective of specific context,"alliance"has more Rousseau-style meanings of"international government"and"military alliance"compared to"association",with fewer Kantian ideal elements of"free association".They also reflect the tension between exclusivity and inclusiveness,coercion and freedom,justice and politics,low institutionalization and strong institutionalization.Although Harding's proposal for"Association of Nations"was quickly forgotten,its brief appear-ance still reflected the power struggles and identity confusion encountered by the United States in the process of transitioning from regional hegemony to world hegemony,and it anticipated to a certain extent the two contradictory yet complementary foreign policy lines of the United States after World War Ⅱ.
League of NationsAssociation of Nationsinternational governmentvoluntary association
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