Productive Labour and Liturgical Labour:The Dialectics of Political Economy and Biopolitics in the Digital Age
The analysis of digital labour under contemporary digital capitalism requires a return to the discussion of produc-tive labour in Marx's Capital,where,after reading the works of Schulz,Juul and Baibigi,Marx proposed that not all individual labour is productive labour,and that productive labour is the abstract labor formed in capitalist industrial production and ex-change,which is the neutralization of material factors and human factors.Foucault observes in"The Birth of Biopolitics"Marx's process of abstracting individual labour into productive labour,but Foucault further points out that the concept of"human capi-tal"in neoliberalism re-specifies this abstract productive labour into the operation of human capital,which is actually a pseudo-individualized mirror image.Agamben,on the other hand,supplements the missing link in Foucault's human capital's biopoliti-cal governance with the liturgical labour of glorification,arguing that liturgical labour is a prerequisite for making productive la-bour possible.Thus,a dialectic of political economy's productive labour and liturgical labour in biopolitics has developed under digital capitalism.To break the shackles of digital capitalism,we need to dissolve the mirror image of capitalist biopolitical gover-nance constructed by liturgical labour.
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