Scoliosis is a common deformity of the spine which may increase the risk of back pain,lead to unbalanced shoulder and chest deformities,even affects patients'cardiopulmonary function or causes irreversible damage to nerves.Melatonin can rebalance bone remodeling and increase bone density.There are many hypotheses about melatonin intervention in bone metabolism at present,but whether melatonin deficiency can cause scoliosis is still controversial.In scoliosis patients with low serum melatonin levels,supplementation with melatonin may prevent the development of scoliosis and have certain therapeutic effects.This article reviews the recent studies on the relationship between melatonin deficiency and scoliosis to provide reference for the prevention qne treatment of scoliosis.