Objective To explore the role and potential regulatory mechanism of miR-1290 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods GenBank GEO database,Targetscan,mirBase,miRanda biological databases were screened to find out miRNAs abnormally expressions in NAFLD,and GO and KEGG analysis target gene prediction databases were used to select miRNAs related to GH-IGF1 axis.NAFLD was induced in HL-7702(L02)cells to establish L02 NAFLD cell line.L02 cells(control group)and NAFLD cells were treated with 25,250 ng/mL rhGH and 50,500 ng/mL rhIGF1,respectively;and the expression of miRNAs was detected with RT-qPCR and verified by cell transfection.Results In NAFLD group,the expressions of miR-1290,miR-16,miR-122 were significantly higher than those in control(P<0.05);after treatment of rhGH and rhIGF1 the expression levels in NAFLD group were decreased,compared to those in control group(P<0.05).In L02 NAFLD cells transfected with mimics miR-1290,the expression levels of GHR,IGFBP3,FASN mRNA were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion MiRNAs are abnormally expressed in NAFLD,miR-1290 has higher expression in NAFLD cells,which may act on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in NAFLD through GH/IGF1 axis.