Secondary brain injury is a key factor affecting the prognosis of ischemic stroke,and neuroinflammatory reaction is a crucial pathological process in its occurrence.Inflammatory cells,inflammatory mediators and inflammasomes are all involved in the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation,which not only promote the progression of neuroinflammation and aggravation of pathological damage,but also promote the neuron regeneration and repair.This article reviews the mechanism of dual functions of neuroinflammatory response after stroke,explores its application as a potential target in treatment of ischemic stroke,also discusses the bottlenecks in current research and the trends of future treatment strategies.