摘要
商代文字有筆墨書、銘鑄和契刻三種書寫方式,當時最主要的記録方式應該是筆墨書,但遺留下來的主要部分是不容易腐爛的、契刻在甲骨上的文字.契刻在甲骨上的文字有記事刻辭、銘功刻辭、表譜刻辭、卜辭等多種,其中以卜辭爲主要内容.卜辭是商人占卜的記録,分爲叙辭(前辭)、命辭、占辭、驗辭四個部分,分别記録占卜的時間和人物、占卜的事項、做出的判斷和是否應驗,有時候會省略某些部分,但命辭一般不會省略.論文通過對商代文字的概述與甲骨卜辭釋讀,旨在幫助書法學習者打開甲骨文之門.
Abstract
Three methods for recording texts are attested for the Shang dynasty(ca.1600-1046 BCE):handwriting,casting and engraving.Although the most common of these is handwriting,the majority of the remaining specimens from the period are the characters engraved on the oracle bones since,in contrast to handwriting on wooden and bamboo slips,the engravings do not degrade easily.The inscriptions engraved on the oracle bones are of various kinds,including records of events,deeds,genealogies and divinations.The inscriptions concerning divination record the prophetic activities of the people of the Shang and are made up of four parts:preface,charge,prognostication and verification;these record,respectively,the time of the divination and the persons involved,the topic of the divination,the prognostication put forward and the outcome of the eventual verification.Although,in some cases,one or more of these parts was omitted,the charge was almost always recorded.Through an overview of the writing system of the Shang dynasty and of the interpretation of divinatory inscriptions,this paper aims to help students of calligraphy to acquire a basic knowledge of the oracle bone inscriptions.
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