Attitudes to characters and calligraphy are the theoretical basis for the personification of the object of calligraphic appreciation.The character gu(sinew,lit."bone")and its essence are the basis for shen(spirit),qi(pneuma),jinmai(tendons and veins)and xuerou(blood and muscles)in calligraphy.From an ethical perspective,the concept of sinew becomes the intermediary between moral standing and quality of calligraphy,thus determining the value of the calligraphy.The emergence of sinew in the sense of both fitness and noble quality is rooted in brushstroke vigor and brushstroke configuration.Due to concepts such as"the mind wields the brush"and"the brush is capable of expressing the mind",the physical essence of sinew is linked to the calligrapher's mind,and everything that a person possesses,admires,idealizes or embodies can be expressed through the concept of sinew.Writers of traditional calligraphy aesthetics and criticism often omit the characters li(vigor,strength)and shi(configuration)to speak solely of sinew,or even omit this word to speak directly of the beauty and style of the calligrapher or of the calligraphic work.Sinew,however,is still an indispensable element in the appreciation of calligraphy.In the eyes of ancient people,"vigor"was the body of sinew and the sustainer of beauty and goodness.As brushstrokes and characters acquired the quality of"tendons and bones"(jingu),they were naturally filled with vigor and charm,and the addition and subtraction of the quality of possessing"sinew"generated infinite variations,determining the transmission and study of calligraphy as well as the value of individual calligraphic works.The ancient saying,"sinew is the forefather of calligraphy",refers to this idea.
关键词
文字觀/書法觀/審美對象人格化/骨/陽剛之美/倫理教化
Key words
views on characters/views on calligraphy/personification of the object of calligraphic appreciation/gu 骨(sinew)/masculine beauty/ethics and education
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