摘要
"書手"一詞在唐代前期出現伊始專指狹義的"抄書者",但隨後概念出現泛化,在唐代中後期特别是宋代以後主要指廣義的"書寫者".敦煌寫經不乏見署有"經生""書手"的情况,兩者性質相近又略有區别.史籍與寫經題記所見當時"書手"相關稱謂略異,論文對"御書手""群書手""楷書令史"等概念予以辨析.狹義"書手"形成的主要原因是抄書的職業化.自漢代以來,社會上更多的抄書需求導致"傭書"職業興起,中央政府也在管理書籍的過程中將抄書員逐漸束縛在"書生"等具體職位上.但隨着印刷時代的到來,唐代剛成熟固定的職業抄書群體又被迅速破壞.在一般的知識文化傳播進程中,"書手"在特定時代作爲關鍵環節,對圖書、文化事業的貢獻不容低估.
Abstract
At the beginning of the Tang dynasty,the term shushou 書手 specifically had the narrow sense of"copyist,"but the concept was later generalized and,in the middle and late Tang,and especially after the Song,it had the broad sense of"scribe".There are many instances of Dunhuang documents being inscribed with the terms jingsheng 經生 and shushou,both of which have similar properties but with slight differences.The colophons related to shushou at that time are slightly different,both from historical records and Dunhuang documents.This article also distinguishes and analyses terms such as yu shushou 御書手,qun shushou 群書手 and kaishu lingshi 楷書令史.In the narrow sense,the main reason for the emergence of shushou is the professionalization of the copying of books.From the Han dynasty,when books became increasingly popular,the growing demand for the copying of books led to the rise of the profession of yongshu 傭書 and the central government,as part of the process of managing books,gradually confined the book copyist to the specific position of shusheng 書生 as well as other titles.However,with the advent of printing,the mature and fixed professional group of copyists of the Tang was quickly eliminated.In the general process of knowledge and culture transmission,the shushou have made significant historical contributions to the development of books and culture,serving a key role in these particular periods.
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