Resilient Openness In Developing Countries from the Perspective of Global Value Chains
Since the 21st century,rapid globalization and rising inequality have been the main drivers behind anti-globalization sentiment.While protectionism and nationalism are on the rise in developed countries,trade barriers in developing countries have steadily de-clined.This article attempts to explore the impacts of global value chains(GVCs)on in-come distribution and trade policies in developing countries.Using panel data consisting of 88 developing countries and 25 years,we have three main findings.First,participation in GVCs tends to contribute to the decline in income inequality in developing countries.Second,upgrading in GVCs tends to foster the growth of income inequality.Third,participation in GVCs in general mitigates protectionist pressure in devel-oping countries,but upgrading in GVCs might increase their protectionist pressure.It indi-cates that GVCs not only strengthen economic interdependence among developing countries,but also enable them to become the primary supporters of economic globalization.However,developing countries might find it more difficult to balance economic efficiency and equality as they move up their positions in GVCs.
globalizationglobal value chainsprotectionismincome inequalityde-veloping countries
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