How Science and Technology Agreements Affect Bilateral Relations:A Causal Anal-ysis Based on a Difference-in-Differences Model
Science and technology issues have increasingly become the focus of major power relations.However,will bilateral science and technology ties improve or worsen bi-lateral relations?The existing literature either views scientific and technological cooperation as an accessory to power politics and holds that scientific and technological cooperation to improve relations cannot achieve its goals,or it regards scientific and technological cooper-ation as a symbol of national foreign policy preferences and believes that scientific and tech-nological cooperation will improve bilateral relations.From the perspective of cooperation in-stitutions,bilateral science and technology agreements in international politics not only play a role in promoting scientific and technological exchanges but also have low potential costs,involve few disputes,are highly flexible,and can easily generate extensive transnational connections.The mechanism promotes bilateral cooperation to improve bilateral relations,thereby acting as an accelerator of cooperation between countries.Large-sample statistics based on the"difference-in-differences"model show that the signing of bilateral science and technology agreements can promote the improvement of bilateral trade and diplomatic relations.However,this cooperative diffusion effect is generally weak,and its effect does not increase linearly with time.As the socialization effect of cooperation institutions emerges,transnational scientific and technological connections will expand beyond the scope of government control,touch on security issues,trigger security concerns,and weaken the cooperative diffusion effect of bilateral science and technology agreements.
bilateral scientific and technological cooperationsocialization mechanismscientific and technological competitionmajor power relationsdifference-in-differences Model
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