At the beginning of the Cold War,the United States established and constantly adjusted its global export control system to curb the development of the socialist countries and maintain its global economic hegemony.The Truman Administration set the initial framework of the system,and the successive Eisenhower Administration constantly adjusted the policy through four evaluations.More specifically,in Eisenhower's first tenure,he no longer paid blind attention to the increase in the number of the controlled items,but focused on taking various measures to improve the actual implementation effect of the export control.In his second tenure,he focused his export control on high-tech fields in view of the development of science and technology in the Soviet Union.The adjustment of export control policy not only showed the consideration of the American international political and economic strategy,but also responded to domestic and foreign policy pressures.Throughout Eisenhower's whole tenure,the United States implemented export controls by virtue of unilateral,multilateral and bilateral control policies,in which unilateral control constituted the core of the system,multilateral control expanded the scope of control,and bilateral control was a powerful supplement to the former two policies.Even so,there were still obvious internal contradictions in the system,which were manifested in the tension between policy objectives and implementation effects,the clash among different controls and the inconsistency between policy adjustment and implementation intensity.Those contradictions required the United States to constantly evaluate and adjust its policies to balance different interests.The export control system was not only a tool for the Untied States to suppress the socialist camp,but also a means to maintain its hegemony in the capitalist camp,reflecting the complexity of the international economic and political situation at the beginning of the Cold War.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
