Since the 1990s,the Western academia has engaged in a fierce debate concerning the evolution of the social order in medieval Western Europe,which can be divided into three key stages.The first stage,spanning from the 1990s to the late 20th century,focused on the validity of the theory of the'feudal revolution'.This theory posited a significant rupture in the social order around 1000 A.D.Although the'anti-transformation'faction,which denied such a rupture,gained more traction,proponents of the'transformation'perspective maintained that changes did occur,necessitating alternative explanation even if the'feudal revolution'was deemed invalid.The second stage,from the early 21 st century until 2013,saw scholars from both factions converge on the notion of a transitional phase in the social order.Some researchers approached the debate on the theory of the'feudal revolution'through detailed regional studies.However,no compelling alternative explanations emerged,leading to a scholarly impasse regarding the nature of medieval social order in Western Europe.The third stage,from 2013 to the present,features contributes from scholars like Charles West and Chris Wickham,who have introduced insightful new perspectives on the evolution of the social order in medieval Western Europe.They emphasise the'formalisation of local power'from the Carolingian period to the 12 th century,offering fresh approaches of understanding this complex historical transformation.
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