The Hmong are a special group of immigrants living in the United States,mainly from Laos.During the Vietnam War,some Laotian Hmong were forced into the"secret war",a covert operation operated by the United States in Laos,and became war refugees.The United States is held accountable for this situation,but the US government failed to take full responsibility,leaving the Hmong refugees to survive in hardship in the United States and other Western countries.Once again,the war-scarred Hmong refugees have to face the challenge of fate,struggle to adapt and integrate into American society amid huge cultural clashes,and fight for citizenship and rights essential for their survival and development.This article discusses how the Hmong veterans in the United States,after initially gaining a firm foothold,used their experience of serving the US in the"secret war"in Laos as capital and strategy to fight for their citizenship and rights with the US government in two stages:to"attain citizenship"and to"obtain US veteran benefits".Finally,the article elaborates on the interaction and identity construction between the Hmong veterans and the US government throughout this difficult process.
Americans Hmong veteransCitizenshipRightsFighting Process
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