The current deterioration of the separatist situation in Indonesia's Papua is caused by the superposition and accumulation of multiple issues over the past 60 years,which primarily stemmed from the contradiction and conflict between Indonesia's state-building efforts and Papua's nationalist pursuit.Historically,the game between the two sides can be divided into three phases:In the first phase,between 1945 and 1969,the Dutch colonists nurtured and stimulated Papuans'sense of nationalism,while Indonesia,with the help of the United States,completed its legal annexation of Papua.In the second phase,between 1969 and 1998,the illiberal peace-building measures pursued by the Suharto regime strengthened the political integration of Papua and severely cracked down on ethnic separatism,but separatism further expanded from elite demand to popular demand.In the third phase from 1998 to the present day,the implementation of the Special Autonomy Law for Papua has failed to achieve the expected results,and the situation of ethnic separatism has worsened.To rationally understand the governance dilemma of the Papua issue,we need to look at it from three perspectives:first,Indonesia has not effectively protected the ethnic rights of Papuans in the process national construction;second,the theories of national self-determination and democratic separation cited by the Papua separatist forces cannot serve as the legal basis for their separation;third,the Indonesian central government needs to develop a set of effective anti-secession strategies to curb the deteriorating trend of Papuan separatism.
NETL
NSTL
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