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新自由主义表象隐藏下的美国种族主义

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美国在民权运动之后,种族主义的土壤并未彻底改变,白人对民权运动的回应无意中为20世纪70年代新自由主义的兴起创造了条件.新自由主义对消极自由的强调以及在紧缩、私有化、放松管制和减税等核心政策立场上所暗含的种族主义意图与种族主义者反民权运动的诉求高度契合,而"白人—私有""黑人—公共"的二元对立种族话语体系也获得了中下层白人的支持.同时,新自由主义强调个人责任,通过规避直接的种族用语或种族问题议程,用政治自由主义和经济自由主义的思想来解释种族问题,强调种族不再"重要".最终,在制度性种族主义退出历史舞台的背景下,新自由主义将美国带入了一个全新的、更具隐蔽性的、种族不平等更加难以消除的系统性种族主义时代.
The soil of racism in the United States did not change completely after the Civil Rights Movement,and the whites'response to the Civil Rights Movement inadvertently created the conditions for the rise of neo-liberalism in the 1970s.Neo-liberalism's emphasis on negative freedom and its racist intentions implied in the core policy positions of austerity,privatization,deregulation and tax cuts are highly consistent with the demands of the racist anti-Civil Rights Movement,and the binary opposition of"white-private"and"black-public"racial discourse system has also won the support of middle and lower-class whites.At the same time,neo-liberalism emphasizes individual responsibility,which,by avoiding direct racial terms or a racial agenda,uses liberal political and economic ideas to explain race issues,arguing that race is no longer"important".In the end,with institutional racism out of the picture,neo-liberalism has ushered the United States into a new and more insidious era of systemic racism,in which racial inequality will be more difficult to eliminate.

Neo-LiberalismRacismBlacksWhitesthe United States

方长明、王莹

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中南民族大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地

华中师范大学教育学院,武汉,430072

新自由主义 种族主义 黑人 白人 美国

2024

世界民族
中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所

世界民族

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.284
ISSN:1006-8287
年,卷(期):2024.(6)