首页|优化城市营商环境促进南北经济均衡发展——限制经济秩序向开放经济秩序的演进

优化城市营商环境促进南北经济均衡发展——限制经济秩序向开放经济秩序的演进

扫码查看
南北地区因初始经济禀赋的微小差异,政商互动分别演化出"开放经济秩序"和"限制经济秩序"的营商环境.不同类型营商环境培育出南方"小企业铺天盖地"和北方"大企业顶天立地"的经济景观."开放经济秩序"的营商环境以低制度成本优势激发市场主体活力和社会创造力,实现经济高水平集聚;以技术创新优势推动企业数字化转型,实现南方地区数量扩张和质量提升的高质量发展道路.而"限制经济秩序"的营商环境则带来北方部分地区经济增长的失速.本文采用南北城市经济发展和营商环境指标"两两捉对"回归的实证策略,直接识别营商环境差异对南北均衡发展的影响.实证结果显示,营商环境差异对南北经济差距的解释能力在5.8%~14.2%,一系列稳健性检验和工具变量估计均佐证研究结论的稳健性.本文的研究强调,实现南北经济均衡发展和区域高质量发展,需要持续优化地区营商环境,推进城市营商环境从"限制经济秩序"向"开放经济秩序"演进.
Optimize the Doing Business Environment to Promote Balanced Economic Development between North and South:Evolution from Limited Economic Access Order to Open Economic Access Order
The adage,"One tree,with spring winds,has two aspects,with the southern branches basking in warmth and the northern branches enduring cold,"has increasingly mirrored the economic divergence between northern and southern China since 2012.Prior to 2012,the economic growth rates of the northern and southern regions exhibited fluctuations but maintained a convergence,with the economic aggregate distribution at 54% for the south and 46% for the north.After 2012,the southern economic growth rate consistently surpassed that of the north.In 2016 and 2018,the disparity even widened to 5 to 10 percentage points.Throughout this period,the northern economic proportion in the national total continuously decreased from 46.4% to 41.3%.This study delves into the evolution of the doing business environment and its implications for the economic divergence between northern and southern China.It scrutinizes the historical transformation of the government-market relationship during China's industrial transition.Given the diverse initial conditions,the interactions between local governments and various types of enterprises in the north and south have given rise to distinct doing business environments.In the northern region,a partial government,inefficient enterprises,and restrictive entry institutions have contributed to a business environment characterized by a"limited economic access order."In contrast,the southern region exhibits a neutral government,more efficient enterprises,and open-entry institutions,culminating in a doing business environment characterized by an"open economic access order."The heterogeneous business environments in the north and south have distinct landscapes,with the proliferation of small enterprises in the south and the prevalence of large enterprises in the north.The study establishes a comprehensive database on the business environment for 272 Chinese cities from 2012 to 2019,shedding light on the disparities in the doing business environments between northern and southern China.To reveal the direct impact of the business environment on the economic divergence between these regions,the study employs a"pairwise comparison"strategy,developing indicators for"north-south economic disparity"and"north-south doing business environment disparity."These indicators are subsequently utilized in a direct regression analysis.The estimation results reveal that the doing business environment can elucidate the north-south economic disparity from 5.8%-14.2%.The primary mechanism through which the doing business environment influences the economic divergence between the north and south is by"reducing institutional costs and stimulating market dynamism and social creativity."The doing business environment in the south,characterized by an"open economic access order,"as opposed to the north's"limited economic access order,"is more conducive to establishing a low institutional cost advantage,increasing the number of enterprises,and fostering a high concentration of private and small businesses.Furthermore,the"open economic access order"in the doing business environment promotes competition,propels technological innovation,especially in integrating emerging digital technologies into the real economy,and advances the development of the digital economy,contributing to improvements in labor productivity.In examining the economic divergence and equilibrium between northern and southern regions,this study presents two principal contributions.First,departing from the perspectives of prior scholars who leaned on the neoclassical economic growth theory or macroeconomic frameworks,this study interprets the issue through the lens of the evolving business environment,delving into the institutional structures grounded in market entities.Second,in terms of empirical methodology,deviating from the approaches traditionally employed by scholars,such as economic gravity models,regional grouping regression methods,or quadratic assignment procedures,this study adopts a"pairwise comparison"strategy for indistinguishable north-south cities as the core method.The robustness of the findings is validated using the propensity score"precise matching"method.This approach effectively alleviates estimation biases arising from systematic differences between northern and southern cities.The study highlights the imperative of consistently optimizing regional doing business environments to attain balanced economic development between the northern and southern regions,fostering high-quality regional progress.This optimization entails transitioning the business environments from a"limited economic access order"to an"open economic access order."Policy endeavors should focus on three pivotal aspects-promoting neutral governance,revitalizing market entities,and nurturing competitive and open markets.

Doing Business EnvironmentBalanced Economic Development between North and SouthEnterprise AgglomerationHigh-quality Development

丁从明、王聪、陈昊

展开 >

重庆大学公共管理学院

对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院

营商环境 南北经济均衡 企业集聚 高质量发展

国家社会科学基金一般项目

20BJL100

2024

数量经济技术经济研究
数量经济与技术经济研究所

数量经济技术经济研究

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.069
ISSN:1000-3894
年,卷(期):2024.41(1)
  • 2
  • 39