首页|环境权益交易如何实现减污降碳协同增效:理论与经验证据

环境权益交易如何实现减污降碳协同增效:理论与经验证据

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本文以二氧化硫排污权交易试点作为环境权益交易的准自然实验,基于中国工业企业、中国工业企业环境统计与企业专利数据库匹配数据,利用双重差分法探究环境权益交易能否以及如何实现减污降碳协同增效.研究发现,排污权交易显著降低了企业二氧化硫、二氧化碳排放总量与强度,产生减污降碳协同效应,该效应在成熟期或衰退期企业、国有企业、大气污染行业及经济发展水平较低地区中更强.机制检验表明,排污权交易通过清洁生产和末端治理促进污染减排;排污权交易激励企业能源消费替代和提升能源效率,通过减源效应实现减污降碳协同;基于创新效应的协同路径主要来自弱波特和强波特效应,不仅提高企业技术创新和产品创新能力,还通过提升企业全要素生产率协同推进减污降碳.进一步分析发现,排污权交易主要通过降低能源消费强度有效提升减污与降碳系统协同程度,在推动减污降碳的同时带来经济社会效益,从而实现减污降碳协同增效.此外,排污权交易产生的协同降碳效应会导致碳配额超发,碳市场需要对碳配额分配实施协同规制.本文为将环境保护的市场化手段融入"双碳"目标战略的政策体系中,通过市场机制推动减污降碳协同增效提供了有益参考.
How Environmental Trading Achieve the Synergistic Effects of Pollution and Carbon Reduction:Theoretical and Empirical Evidence
Emissions trading guidelines affect the production methods and emission reduction strategies of enterprises by releasing price signals of environmental elements.In the face of the incentive constraints of environmental trading,the behaviors and strategies adopted by enterprises also affect the effects of pollution and carbon reduction.On the one hand,in the short term,enterprises can promote pollution reduction through production cuts and end-of-pipe treatment.On the other hand,to produce a synergistic carbon reduction effect,enterprises need to adopt comprehensive emission reduction strategies such as energy input control,production process improvement,and R&D innovation.In addition,the synergistic carbon reduction effect of environmental trading will reduce the carbon market constraints by reducing the marginal cost of carbon emission reduction,which affects the efficiency of the carbon trading market.Thus,it is essential to investigate how to utilize the market mechanism of emission rights to promote the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction,which is an important theoretical and practical issue in promoting the construction of beautiful China and the strategic goals of carbon peak and neutrality in a coordinated manner.Using the pilot emission trading of sulfur dioxide as a quasi-natural experiment of environmental trading,this study explores whether and how environmental trading can achieve the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction by using the difference-in-difference method based on matched data from Chinese industrial enterprises,Chinese industrial enterprises'environmental statistics,and enterprise patent database.The study finds that emissions trading significantly reduces the total amount and intensity of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions of enterprises,generating a synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction,which is stronger in mature or declining enterprises,state-owned enterprises,air-polluting industries,and in regions with lower economic development.The mechanism test reveals that emissions trading promotes pollution reduction through cleaner production and end-of-pipe treatment;emissions trading stimulates enterprises to substitute energy consumption and improve energy efficiency,which achieves pollution and carbon reduction synergy through the source reduction effect;and the synergistic path based on the innovation effect mainly comes from weak and strong Porter effects,which not only improves enterprises'technological innovation and product innovation capacity but also promotes pollution and carbon reduction synergistically by improving enterprises'total factor productivity.Further analysis reveals that emissions trading effectively enhances the degree of synergy between pollution and carbon reduction systems mainly by reducing the intensity of energy consumption.It also brings economic and social benefits while promoting pollution and carbon reduction,thus realizing the synergy of pollution and carbon reduction.In addition,the synergistic effect of emissions trading can lead to carbon quota over-issuance,and the carbon market needs to implement synergistic regulation on carbon quota allocation.This study provides a useful reference for integrating market-based instruments for environmental protection into the policy system of the dual carbon targets strategy and promoting the synergy of pollution and carbon reduction through market mechanisms.This study examines the effect and mechanism of sulfur dioxide emissions trading on sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions from both theoretical and empirical perspectives and tests whether the sulfur dioxide emissions trading system can realize the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction.The conclusions of this study are of great significance in utilizing the market mechanism to promote the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction,and the following policy recommendations are put forward.First,make full use of the environmental rights and interests trading market to synergistically promote pollution and carbon reduction.Second,strengthen the prevention and control of pollution and carbon emissions at source,and incentivize enterprises to carry out innovative activities.Third,improve the design details of the environmental rights and interests trading mechanism to promote the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction according to local conditions.

Emissions TradingSynergies for Reducing Pollution and CarbonPorter EffectDual Carbon Targets

宋德勇、陈梁、王班班

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华中科技大学经济学院

张培刚发展研究院

排污权交易 减污降碳协同 波特效应 "双碳"目标

国家社会科学基金重大项目中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目

18ZDA0502022JYCXJJ0642023JYCXJJ006

2024

数量经济技术经济研究
数量经济与技术经济研究所

数量经济技术经济研究

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.069
ISSN:1000-3894
年,卷(期):2024.41(2)
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