OBE stands for Outcome-based Education,an educational philosophy emphasizing"outcomes"as the"guide."This theory can be traced back to the educational objectives theory proposed by Herbert Spencer in the mid-19th century.It has since integrated utilitarianism and positivism philosophical concepts,and has evolved through Competency-Based Education(CBE,competence-based)and mastery learning theories.It was first proposed by Spady in the 1980s.Over four decades of development,there has always been controversy over whether the"outcome"in this theory is based on grades or abilities,and even the relationship between"outcome"and its synonyms like"goal"and"objective."The concept began to receive widespread attention from Chinese scholars around 2016.According to existing research,the study of OBE educational philosophy in China seems to focus more on"guidance"rather than"outcomes,"especially regarding the identification of the diversity of"outcomes",there are no visible and quantifiable standards.This is the most realistic challenge facing the OBE educational philosophy.
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