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理想与现实的矛盾:韩非中主论探析

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战国晚期,针对平庸者常处君位的现实与君权逐渐集中的趋势,韩非试图设计一套可操作的理论为"中主"服务.然而,真正能够如其所言兼用"法""术""势"治国、坚守公利为重、克制己欲、最终"尽人之力"者,绝非其所谓"中主".韩非的君主理论本身存在矛盾,"法"的公开性、稳定性、公正性与"术""势"的隐秘性、专有性难以兼容,更难被"中主"掌握.这使得韩非对"中主"的过高要求背离了为其服务的初衷.为实现君主"无为而治"的至治之世,韩非的理论中暗含将"中主"改善为"明君"的隐性需求,但该设想由于君主缺乏内部与外在动机仍难以成立,体现出其思想中理想与现实之间的矛盾.
The Contradiction Between Ideals and Realities:An Analysis of Han Fei's Theory of the Mediocre Monarch
In the late Warring States period,in response to the reality of mediocre people often occupying the throne and the trend of gradual centralization of monarchical power,Han Fei attempted to design a practical theory to serve the"mediocre monarch".However,those who can truly govern the state as he proposed,by employing"Fa"(法)"Shu"(术)and"Shi"(势)prioritizing public interest,restraining personal desires,and ultimately exerting their utmost efforts,are not the so-called"mediocre monarch"as he defined.There are inherent contradictions in Han Fei's theory of monarchy,as the openness,stability,and fairness of"Fa"(法)are difficult to reconcile with the secrecy and exclusivity of"Shu"(术)and"Shi"(势)making it even harder for the"mediocre monarch"to master them.Han Fei's excessively high expectations of the"mediocre monarch"deviate from his original intention to serve them.In order to achieve an ideal era of rule where the monarch governs effortlessly,Han Fei's theory implies a hidden desire to transform the"mediocre monarch"into an"enlightened ruler".But this notion remains unattainable due to the lack of internal and external motivations within the monarch,revealing the contradiction between ideals and realitiies in Han Fei's thinking.

Han FeiTheory of the Mediocre MonarchMonarchy"Fa"(法)

陈颖琦

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西北大学中国思想文化研究所,陕西 西安 710127

韩非 中主论 君主

2024

商洛学院学报
商洛学院

商洛学院学报

影响因子:0.412
ISSN:1674-0033
年,卷(期):2024.38(5)