Crime and Punishment:A Study of the Qing Dynasty's Abolished Officials Serving as Atonement in Military Outposts
The system of abolished officials serving as atonement in military outposts was an impor-tant part of the Qing Dynasty's system of abolished officials,representing a punitive measure targeting"in-dividuals guilty of private offenses".From being escorted to the capital and sent to military camps by abol-ished officials,to serving in military camps by abolished officials,until donating,redeeming and exempting,the Qing Dynasty established clear regulations.In this process,not only did it reflect the linkage between the central and local departments of the Qing Dynasty,the supervision and restraint of officials by the ac-countability system for officials,but it also demonstrated the control of the Qing Emperor over the selection of personnel.The Emperor was the ultimate arbiter in all aspects.Although the Qing Emperor spared no ef-fort in distinguishing various types of abolished officials and carefully classified various donation and re-demption situations,in order to ensure that abolished officials of different natures could receive correspond-ing legal sanctions and economic punishments,the system of military outposts'effective redemption had significant limitations under the cyclical political crisis of the feudal dynasty,and ultimately became a use-less file in the late Qing Dynasty.
Qing Dynastyabolished officialsmilitary outpostsserving as atonement
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