Exploring the Adverb"Half a Year"in Luoyang Dialect
"Half a year"in Luoyang dialect is not only a concept of time,but also an adverb of tone.The lexical meaning of"half a year"is based on"discovering the real situation"and is used to express three subjective attitudes of the speaker towards facts,which can be categorized into"half a year 1","half a year 2"and"half a year 3"in the sense of surprise and irony.It can be categorized into"半年1","半年2",and"半年3",which expresses the sense of realization,accident,and irony.The semantic structure of the three can be summarized as follows:"half year 1+reason,result","half year 2+truth,subjective expectation","half year 3+new situation,usual behavior".The discourse functions of the three are manifested as subjective comment function,anti-expectation marking function of triggering implicit meaning,and chapter articulation function.At the syntactic level,the syntactic distribution of the three adverbs is generally at the beginning and in the middle of a sentence,and the distribution of sentence types is generally declarative and exclamatory,occasionally used in doubtful questions,with a prominent preposition when co-occurring with other adverbs.The formation of the adverbial"half a year"has gone through two stages:the stage of subjectivization of quantitative meaning in fuzzy time and the stage of cognitive domain expansion(the stage of metaphorical reasoning from temporal domain to modal domain and the stage of internal expansion of modal domain).
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