摘要
目的:分析蘑菇中毒事件的流行病学特征,为有效预防和控制蘑菇中毒事件提供对策.方法:根据食源性疾病暴发事件监测资料,对收集的2012-2023年蘑菇中毒事件发生的时间、场所、人群、中毒人数、中毒原因和中毒的蘑菇种类等进行描述性流行病学特征分析.结果:2012-2023年,腾冲市共报告蘑菇中毒事件52起,发病221人,死亡7人,分别占同期食源性疾病暴发事件的53.06%(52/98)、31.39%(221/704)、87.50%(7/8).2014 年报告的事件数、发病人数和死亡人数最多;6-7 月是中毒的高发月份;家庭是中毒的高发场所;20～59岁是中毒的高发人群;发病 10人以下的事件最多;误食误用是中毒的主要原因;导致死亡的毒蘑菇主要是致命鹅膏和条盖盔孢菌.结论:蘑菇中毒是腾冲市最主要的食源性疾病和导致死亡最主要的原因.应在重点时段(6-7月)、重点场所(家庭)、重点人群(农村中老年人)中采取针对性的干预措施,增强公众食品安全意识,减少中毒事件发生,降低病死率.
Abstract
Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning events to provide countermeasures for effective prevention and control.Method:Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on the time,location,population,number of poisoning cases,reasons for poisoning,and types of poisonous mushrooms of the mushroom poisoning events collected from 2012 to 2023,using the foodborne disease outbreak monitoring data.Result:From 2012 to 2023,there were 52 reported mushroom poisoning events in Tengchong city,with 221 cases of illness and 7 deaths,accounting for 53.06%(52/98),31.39%(221/704),and 87.50%(7/8)of the foodborne disease outbreaks during the same period,respectively.The highest number of reported events,cases of illness,and deaths occurred in 2014;June and July were the peak months for poisoning;the home was the most common location for poisoning events;the 20～59 age group was the most affected;events with less than 10 cases of illness were the most common;mistaken consumption was the main cause of poisoning;Amanita exitialis and Galerina sulciceps were the primary deadly mushrooms.Conclusion:Mushroom poisoning is the most significant cause of foodborne diseases and deaths in Tengchong city.Targeted intervention measures should be taken during key periods(June to July),in key locations(homes),and among key populations(middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas)to raise public awareness of food safety,reduce the occurrence of poisoning events,and lower the mortality rate.
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