Research advances in microbial synthesis of β-carotene
β-carotene is a common carotenoid with antioxidant,anticancer and cardiovascular disease prevention properties and is widely used in food,pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.β-carotene is mainly extracted from plants,algae and other organisms,and the extraction method has the disadvantages of serious environmental pollution and high production cost.With the advancement of synthetic biology technology and the innovation of metabolic engineering strategies,significant progress has been achieved in constructing cell facto-ries for β-carotene production using microorganisms such as Escherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and Yarrowia lipolytica.The bio-synthesis method offers advantages including low environmental impact,cost-effectiveness,and high efficiency,with promising prospects for further development.In this review,the physicochemical properties,biological value and biosynthesis pathway of β-carotene are inves-tigated,the relevant studies on microbial synthesis of β-carotene are summarized,and the common metabolic engineering strategies used in increasing the yield of β-carotene are also concluded.Finally,in order to provide reference for obtaining higher yield of β-carotene,the challenges and future research directions of β-carotene biosynthesis are discussed.
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