摘要
岩藻聚糖是一类天然硫酸化修饰的主要由L-岩藻糖(6-脱氧-L-半乳糖)连接而成的多糖,该类聚糖具有多种生物活性.过去几十年,国内外的相关研究多数聚焦在岩藻聚糖,而对低分子质量岩藻聚糖的研究较少.近年来,随着研究的不断深入,研究者发现低分子质量岩藻聚糖具有更好的水溶解性和生物活性.通过降解岩藻聚糖获得低分子质量岩藻聚糖的方式有多种,酶降解法因具有水解条件温和、选择性好和副产物少等优点而倍受关注.该文对岩藻聚糖降解酶的分类、来源和制备,低分子质量岩藻聚糖的制备工艺及生物活性等方面的研究进展进行综述,为酶降解法制备低分子质量岩藻聚糖及其在食品和药品领域的转化应用提供参考.
Abstract
Fucoidan is a class of sulphated polysaccharide mainly composed of L-fucose(6-deoxy-L-galactose),sulphate group,and several other monosaccharides such as mannose,galactose,glucose,glucuronic acid,galacturonic acid,and xylose.Fucoidan has various biological activities including anticoagulant,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerotic and hypolipidemic functions.In the past several decades,most domestic and foreign studies have been focused on the fucoidan,with less research focusing on low-molecular weight fu-coidan(LMWF).In recent years,LMWF has received more attention due to its better solubility and biological activity compared to fu-coidan with big molecular weight.In general,LMWF is obtained by degradation of fucoidan through several ways including physical meth-od,chemical method,and enzymatic method.Among these methods,enzymatic degradation has the advantages of good selectivity,mild hydrolysis condition,few by-products,etc.This review focuses on the classification,origin,and preparation of fucoidan-degrading en-zymes,and LMWF preparation and bioactivity,which will provide useful information for the development and potential applications of LM-WF in the fields of food and pharmaceuticals.
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