早采行为已成为制约猕猴桃产业经济效益提高的主要因素之一.该文基于外观品质、理化特性及贮藏特性等多维度解析早采猕猴桃果实的品质演变规律.结果表明,早采3周和4周的果实的外形还未停止生长,果形指数较高,单果重较低,造成严重的产量损失.其次,无论是采收时(at harvest,AH),常温成熟(room tem-perature maturation,RTM),还是冷藏成熟(low temperature maturation,LTM),早采猕猴桃的可溶性固形物含量均显著低于正常采收组.早采4周的猕猴桃常温成熟后,果实糖含量较低而酸含量较高;冷藏成熟后,相比正常采收组,早采4周的猕猴桃糖和酸含量分别损失73％和29.76％,糖酸比严重失调.RTM和LTM处理后,早采2～4周猕猴桃的失重率和腐烂率随采收期的提前而显著提高.经LTM处理,早采2～4周猕猴桃均发生了较为严重的冷害症状,其冷害率、冷害指数、细胞膜透性均显著高于正常采收期.该研究探明 了早采对猕猴桃外观品质、理化品质和贮藏特性的影响,为猕猴桃适时采收提供一定的理论依据.
Abstract
Early harvesting has become one of the main factors restricting the improvement of economic benefits in the kiwifruit indus-try.This article analyzes the quality evolution of early harvested kiwifruit from multiple dimensions,including appearance quality,physico-chemical properties,and storage characteristics.The results showed that the shape of fruits harvested 3 and 4 weeks early had not stopped growing,with higher fruit shape index and lower single fruit weight,resulting in severe yield losses.Secondly,the soluble solids content of early harvested kiwifruit was significantly lower than that of the normal harvest group,both at harvest(AH),room temperature maturation(RTM),and low temperature maturation(LTM).After matured at room temperature,kiwifruit harvested 4 weeks early had lower sugar content and higher acid content;when matured at low temperature,kiwifruit harvested 4 weeks early lost 73％of sugar and 29.76％of acid content compared to the normal harvest group,resulting in a serious imbalance of sugar-acid ratio.The weight loss and decay rate of kiwifruit harvested 2-4 weeks early increased significantly with earlier harvesting after the RTM and LTM treatments.With LTM treat-ment,kiwifruit harvested 2-4 weeks early experienced more serious cold damage symptoms,and the chilling injury rate,chilling injury index,as well as cell membrane permeability were all significantly higher than the normal harvesting period.This study investigated the effects of early harvest on the appearance,physicochemical quality and storage characteristics of kiwifruit,which provides a theoretical support for the timely harvesting of kiwifruit.
关键词
早采/猕猴桃/外观品质/理化品质/贮藏特性
Key words
early harvesting/kiwifruit/appearance quality/physical and chemical quality/storage characteristics
万方数据