摘要
[目的]研究贮藏温度对神仙豆腐品质和微生物菌落总数的影响规律,建立基于品质指标和菌落总数的神仙豆腐货架期保鲜预测模型.[方法]将神仙豆腐分别在1,4,10,15,20,25 ℃的温度下贮藏,定期测定硬度、黏性、弹性、咀嚼性、持水性以及菌落总数,研究温度对各指标的影响,确定各指标的最佳拟合方程.根据神仙豆腐的品质指标及菌落总数,结合Arrhenius模型和Belehradck模型,建立神仙豆腐货架期预测模型.[结果]在不同的贮藏温度下,神仙豆腐的弹性指数无明显变化,但对硬度、黏性、咀嚼性、持水性及菌落总数有显著影响.零级反应方程对神仙豆腐的持水性变化拟合效果最佳,平均拟合程度为0.978;对硬度、黏性和咀嚼性的影响,一级反应的拟合最佳,平均拟合程度分别为0.967,0.904,0.977;Logistics方程对神仙豆腐菌落总数变化的拟合效果最佳,平均拟合为0.992.建立的硬度、黏性、弹性、咀嚼性、持水性及菌落总数模型对3 ℃贮藏条件下神仙豆腐货架期预测的相对误差分别为7.50％,8.13％,4.38％,5.00％,3.75％,预测效果好.[结论]模型可以有效预测1～25 ℃贮藏条件下神仙豆腐的货架期.
Abstract
[Objective]The influence of different storage temperatures on the quality and total number of microbial colonies of Premna microphylla Turez jelly was studied,and the shelf-life prediction model based on quality indexes and the total number of colonies were established.[Methods]P.microphylla Turez jelly were stored at temperatures of 1,4,10,15,20 and 25 ℃,and the hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,chewiness,water holding capacity and total number of colonies were regularly measured.The influence of different temperatures on the quality indexes and the total number of colonies were discussed,and the fitting equations of each monitoring index were determined.According to the quality indexes and total number of colonies of P.microphylla Turez jelly,P.microphylla Turez jelly's shelf-life prediction model was established by combining the Arrhenius model and Belehradck model.[Results]The results show that the different storage temperature has no significant change in springiness,while the storage temperature has a significant effect on the hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,water-holding capacity,and total number of colonies.The zero-level response equation was the best fit for the change in water holding capacity of P.microphylla Turez jelly,with an average fit of 0.978.On the influence of hardness,viscosity,and chewability,the first-order reaction had the best fitting,and the average fitting degree was 0.967,0.904,and 0.977,respectively.The Logistics equation had the best fitting effect on the total number of colonies of P.microphylla Turez jelly,and the average fitting was 0.992.Five shelf-life prediction models were validated under the storage temperature of 3 ℃.The relative errors between the measured and predicted values were 7.50％,8.13％,4.38％,5.00％,and 3.75％,respectively,with good prediction results.[Conclusion]The models can effectively predict the shelf life of P.microphylla Turez jelly under storage conditions from 1 ℃ to 25 ℃.
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