Mechanism and research progress of human papillomavirus vaccine
Cervical cancer poses a serious threat to women's health.The majority of cervical cancers are related to human papillomavirus(HPV)infection.Therefore,prophylactic HPV vaccination can be used as a primary preventive measure against cervical cancer.The protection of HPV vaccination for sexually inactive adolescent females has been well docu-mented,but due to a variety of factors,many females in China have missed the best vaccination timing(sexually inactive,not exposure to HPV).For females who have been infected with HPV previously,and are now negative,or currently in-fected,the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine is a practical question that needs to be addressed.This study reviews the protective effects of HPV vaccines in HPV-infected patients,analyzes the mechanism of HPV vaccine action and the ef-fectiveness of HPV vaccines in HPV-infected patients.Using the Chinese and English databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and PubMed,with the keywords of"HPV""HPV vaccine""HPV-infected patients"and"vaccine effectiveness",the study searched for relevant literature from January 1,2018,to November 30,2023.In-clusion criteria were:(1)the mechanism of HPV pathogenesis,the mechanism of action of HPV vaccines and new devel-opments,and(2)clinical studies on the effectiveness of HPV vaccines in HPV-infected patients.Exclusion criteria were:(1)review literature with distant years;(2)literature with poor quality and disorganized order;and(3)unsound clinical studies.Finally,46 literature were included.The results showed that persistent high-risk HPV infection increases the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer through multiple mechanisms;prophylactic HPV vaccines have been widely used because of their good immunogenicity and safety,while therapeutic HPV vaccines have partially entered the clinical trial but have not been approved for use in human beings.HPV vaccination has also been shown to have pre-ventive effects in people with a history of HPV infection;for women with ongoing HPV infection,HPV vaccination may also protect against other types of HPV infection;and after treatment of cervical lesions due to HPV infection,HPV vac-cination may produce a certain protective effect by preventing reactivation/reinfection of HPV.After HPV vaccination,regular cervical cancer screening is still required.
human papilloma virus vaccinehuman papilloma virus infected patientsvaccine efficacycervical cancer screeningreview literature
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