A New Interpretation of the Meaning of"Ling"in the Analects of Confucius
"Qiao Yan Ling Se,Xian Yi Ren(巧言令色,鲜矣仁)"For the"Ling(令)"in this sentence,scholars of all dynasties generally interpreted it as"Shan(善)"but it is found that this explanation is limited and difficult to fit with the following"Xian Yi Ren(鲜矣仁)".Combined with the etymology,phonology and literature to conduct in-depth exploration,it is found that"Ling(令)"and"Ning(佞)"are close to each other and can be borrowed,while"Ning(佞)"is differentiated from"Ren(仁)"and its meaning is opposite to"Ren(仁)".In addition,almost all the cases of the combination of"Qiao(巧)"and"Ning(佞)"in ancient literature can be translated into"Qiao Yan Ning Se(巧言佞色)".Therefore,the"Ling(令)"in the sentence of"Qiao Yan Ling Se,Xian Yi Ren(巧言令色,鲜矣仁)"in the Analects of Confucius should be interpreted as"Ning(佞)".
ConfuciusAnalects of Confucius"Qiao Yan Ling Se(巧言令色)"
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