Image,Substance,Essence,Faith:Explanation of the"Four Haves"in Chapter 21 of Laozi
The"Four Haves"in Chapter 21 of Laozi have different connotations and logical levels.In the sentence"Vague and indefinite,there exhibit images;"Indefinite and vague,there exhibits substance",the"image"comes be-fore the"substance",the"image"is vague and intangible,and the"substance"is concrete and tangible.This sentence refers to the progressive process of Dao giving birth to substance,which can also be seen as a loop process from Dao to substance and then from substance to Dao.The word"essence"in the phrase"Distant and dark,it embraces es-sence"refers to the endless power and energy.After explaining the process of Dao giving birth to substance,it is pointed out that this process is inherently driven."The essence is a genuine existence,that can be tested as true"means that the energy is real and not delusional,which lies in the natural world and its natural evolution presented by the Dao.
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