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甘肃省黄河流域土壤侵蚀及其驱动机制

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
  • NETL
  • NSTL
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[目的]量化甘肃省黄河流域土壤侵蚀并探究其驱动机制,旨在为该区域水土流失治理和水土资源保护提供科学依据和方法参考.[方法]基于修正的土壤流失方程(RUSLE)模型对1980-2020年甘肃省黄河流域土壤侵蚀进行量化,使用Theil-Sen斜率方法分析了土壤侵蚀的年际变化,通过空间统计方法分析了不同下垫面的土壤侵蚀强度和分布规律,采用地理探测器探究了土壤侵蚀的驱动因子.[结果]①1980-2020年,甘肃省黄河流域土壤侵蚀模数(A)均值为37.38 t/(hm2·a),中度及以下侵蚀占全域面积70％,其中甘南以微度侵蚀为主,A值呈减小趋势;陇中和陇东以轻度和中度侵蚀为主,A值呈增加趋势.②全域农田A值最高且侵蚀总量最大,沼泽类湿地A值最低,密林地侵蚀总量最小;受分布面积影响,甘南草地土壤侵蚀量较显著,陇中和陇东农耕区侵蚀量最大;高侵蚀模数主要发生在海拔1 000 m以下和10°～20°坡度区间.③甘南和陇东地区坡度对A值的作用最为显著,陇中地区土壤的作用更大;域内土壤侵蚀影响因子呈多元性,因子交互的解释力强于单因子;侵蚀高风险区域主要位于丰水、陡坡和植被稀疏地区.[结论]因区域气候和下垫面条件相异,土壤侵蚀发生的原因不尽相同;甘肃省黄河流域陇中、陇东地区存在较为严峻的土壤侵蚀问题,农田和低覆草地是该区水土流失治理的重点关注区域.
Soil Erosion and Its Driving Mechanism in Tributary Basins of Yellow River in Gansu Province
[Objective]Soil erosion in the Yellow River basin of Gansu Province was quantitatively analyzed and its driving mechanism was discussed in order to provide reference for soil and water resource management in this area.[Methods]The revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)model was used to quantify regional soil erosion in the Yellow River basin of Gansu Province from 1980 to 2020.The Theil-Sen slope was used to test the interannual variation of soil erosion,while spatial statistics were applied to determine soil erosion intensity and distribution under different underlying conditions.Additionally,geographical detector methods were used to investigate the main driving factors of soil erosion.[Results]① The average soil erosion modulus(A)was 37.38 t/(hm2·yr)in the Yellow River basin of Gansu Province from 1980 to 2020,featuring an overall erosive intensity below the moderate level,with an area ratio of 70％to the total.Regionally,most of the Gannan Plateau was dominated by the slight level of erosion and presented a decreasing trend of A value during the statistical period.Longzhong and Longdong Loess Plateau were dominated by the light and moderate level of erosion,and both showed increasing trends.② In terms of the land use/cover types,the highest A value and the largest amount of erosive volume were both found in the arable land,while the lowest A value and the smallest amount of the erosive volume were found in wetlands and the closed forest,respectively.Specifically,affected by the area of the distribution,in the Gannan Plateau,greater soil erosion was observed in the grassland,while in the Longzhong and Longdong Loess Plateau,remarkable erosion amounts were found in the arable lands.Topographically,higher A value was mainly located in zones with an altitude below 1 000 m above sea level,or within a slope range of 10° to 20°.③ Mechanically,soil erosion was controlled and influenced more by the topographical factor of slope in the Gannan and Longdong Plateau,while soil erosion was significantly affected by soil texture in the Longzhong Plateau.The driving factors for soil erosion were multi-dimensional in tributary basins of Yellow River in Gansu Province,and the explanatory power of factor interaction was stronger than the explanatory power of individual factors regarding the variation of A value in space.High-risk zones for soil erosion were generally located in the steep terrain areas with greater precipitation and sparse vegetation.[Conclusion]The causes of soil erosion are different due to climate change and various underlying conditions.Serious soil erosion problems exist in Longzhong and Longdong loess plateau in tributary basins of the Yellow River in Gansu Province.In order to control regional soil erosion and facilitate better water and soil conservation,people should pay more attention to the improvement of land surface ecology in areas of rainfed farming land and grassland with low vegetation coverage.

soil erosionrevised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)driving mechanismgeographical detectorstributary basins of the Yellow River in Gansu Province

武磊、高祖桥、谢旭红、王逸飞、申娜、张旭阳、李美静、李常斌

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兰州大学 资源环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730000

山西师范大学 地理科学学院,山西 太原 030031

土壤侵蚀 修正的土壤流失方程(RUSLE) 驱动机制 地理探测器 甘肃省黄河流域

国家自然科学基金面上项目甘肃省科技重大专项计划甘肃省科技重大专项计划兰州大学双碳专项计划项目甘肃省哲学社会科学规划重点项目

4237102420ZD7FA00521ZD4FA008lzujbky-2021-sp702021ZD004

2024

10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2024.03.023

水土保持通报
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 水利部水土保持监测中心

水土保持通报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.658
ISSN：1000-288X
年,卷(期)：2024.44(3)
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