摘要
塔里木河是我国最大的内陆河,其流域自上游至下游形成了以水为纽带的多元自然生态,但因地处干旱区,流域内生态脆弱,曾一度随着中上游地区人口增多与耗水的增加,大幅挤占下游生态用水,导致塔里木河下游常年断流,生态环境恶化,土地沙化严重.从 2000 年开始,我国大力实施生态输水工程,连续 20 年向塔里木河下游进行了人工间歇性输水,使下游地下水位明显抬升,荒漠河岸植被和物种多样性显著提高,对塔里木河下游生态系统的恢复和可持续贡献巨大.文章综述了生态输水工程实施以来,关于塔里木河下游柽柳种群的适应性更新和生理生态响应的大量研究,紧扣柽柳幼苗生长适应的特点和下游水盐胁迫的现实情况,探讨了塔里木河下游柽柳种群幼苗发生与生态输水漫溢的关系,分析了下游柽柳种群实生更新困难的原因,并在此基础上提出"强弱交替"的输水模式建议,以期更加有效地利用输水漫溢实现塔里木河下游柽柳种群实生更新的规模化,从繁殖生态学的角度降低种群衰退的风险,从而增强荒漠河岸生态系统的稳定性.
Abstract
The Tarim River is the largest inland river in our country.Its basin has formed a diverse natural ecosystem with water as the link from the upper reaches to the lower reaches.However,due to its location in an arid region,the ecological fragility within the basin has been a concern.With the increase in population and water consumption in the middle and upper reaches,the downstream ecological water use of the Tarim River was greatly squeezed,leading to year-round flow cessation,degradation of the ecological environment,and severe land desertification.Since 2000,our country has vigorously implemented ecological water diversion projects,providing artificial intermittent water supply to the downstream of the Tarim River for 20 consecutive years.This has significantly raised the groundwater level in the downstream area,greatly improving the vegetation and species diversity along the desert riverbanks,and making a huge contribution to the restoration and sustainability of the ecosystem in the downstream of the Tarim River.The article summarizes a large number of studies on the adaptive renewal and physiological responses of the Tamarix population in the lower reaches of the Tarim River since the implementation of the ecological water conveyance project.It focuses on the characteristics of Tamarix seedling growth adaptation and the reality of water and salt stress in the downstream area.It explores the relationship between the occurrence of Tamarix seedlings and ecological water overflow in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.It analyzes the reasons for the difficulty of natural renewal of Tamarix populations downstream.Based on this,it proposes a"strong-weak alternation"water conveyance model,aiming to more effectively utilize water overflow to achieve large-scale natural renewal of the Tamarix population in the lower reaches of the Tarim River,reduce the risk of population decline from the perspective of reproductive ecology,and enhance the stability of the desert riparian ecosystem.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(42067067)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2020D01A74)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据