Study on landscape pattern characteristics and optimization ideas of rural in karst area
The implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy,which takes the coordinated promotion of industrial prosperity,ecological livability and other aspects as the general requirements,is of great significance to the vast karst rural areas in Southwest China with fragile ecological environment and prominent backward development problems.Reasonable landscape pattern is the basis of Rural Revitalization.Taking the typical karst rocky desertification countryside in Guizhou Province as the study area,11 landscape pattern indexes were selected from the two scales of type and landscape to study the distribution of landscape types,spatial distribution of landscape fragmentation and spatial distribution of landscape diversity,and explored the characteristics of landscape pattern in the study area.On this basis,combined with the ecological theory and the overall requirements of rural revitalization,this paper put forward the idea of rural landscape optimization in the study area.The results showed that:(1)the landscape types in the study area could be divided into 10 types:paddy field,sloping farmland,forest land,sparse forest land,fruit forest and rocky desertification shrub.Among them,sloping farmland and rocky desertification shrub were the main landscape types,rocky desertification shrub were the dominant landscape type,and the area of roads,water systems and residential areas accounted for a relatively small proportion.(2)In the northwest and southwest of study area,the artificial landscape was mainly distributed,and the degree of landscape fragmentation was high;the rocky desertification landscape in the north of the study area was concentrated and distributed continuously,and the landscape diversity and heterogeneity indexes were low.(3)The rural landscape in the study area was optimized from the perspectives of landscape pattern optimization and industrial structure adjustment.After optimization,a relatively perfect ecological network pattern was formed,and the stability of the ecosystem was improved;the adjustment of planting structure not only improved the complexity of landscape structure and land use value,but also optimized the ecological environment of the study area and creates conditions for the development of rural tourism.The results could provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of rural landscape pattern and Rural Revitalization in karst areas.
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