摘要
湿地是广泛分布于世界各地的陆生和水生生态系统之间的过渡性地带,囊括了自然形成为主的沼泽、河湖、滨海滩涂与人工构建为主的水稻田、水库、池塘等多样的亚系统类型.湿地因与珍稀水禽等生物在繁衍迁徙方面的紧密联系和生态净化作用而被称为"鸟类乐园"和"地球之肾".在人为干扰和自然环境变化的耦合作用下,全球范围内湿地产生了不同程度的退化演变,湿地生态系统的相关科学评价是湿地生态保护修复及其可持续发展的重要内容,也是生态系统管理者关注的焦点.湿地生态系统评价依托经济学、生态学的基础理论,通过定性和定量的方法对湿地生态系统的结构、过程、功能和价值进行判断、分析并得出结论,进而满足湿地保护、恢复与管理等方面的需求.目前湿地生态系统的相关评价研究较为繁杂,在对已有成果进行综合分析的基础上,本文较为系统地总结凝练了湿地生态系统相关评价的概念、类型及其方法与应用,针对目前湿地生态系统评价中亟待解决的一些问题进行了探讨,并对湿地生态系统评价研究的发展方向进行了评述.
Abstract
Wetland is a transitional zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems widely distributed around the world,and includes a variety of subsystems such as naturally occurring marshes,rivers and lakes,coastal mudflats and artificially constructed rice paddies,reservoirs,ponds,and other sub-systems.Wetlands are known as'Bird Paradise'and'Kidney of the Earth'because of their close connection with rare waterfowl and other organisms in reproduction and migration and their ecological purifying effect.Under the coupling effect of anthropogenic interference and natural environmental changes,wetlands have been degraded to different degrees globally,and the scientific evaluation of wetland ecosystems is an important part of wetland ecological protection and restoration and its sustainable development,as well as the focus of ecosystem managers.Wetland ecosystem evaluation relies on the basic theories of economics and ecology to judge,analyse and draw conclusions on the structure,process,function and value of wetland ecosystems through qualitative and quantitative methods,so as to meet the needs of wetland protection,restoration and management.Currently,the research on wetland ecosystem assessment is quite complicated,based on the comprehensive analysis of existing results,this paper systematically summarises and condenses the concepts and types of wetland ecosystem assessment,as well as its methods and applications,discusses the problems that need to be solved in wetland ecosystem assessment,and reviews the direction of the development of wetland ecosystem assessment research.
基金项目
中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2022SY042)
中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2023ZA008-01)
国家自然科学基金项目(42101308)
维普
万方数据