Due to insufficient understanding of the ecological function of grassland and excessive utilization and dependence on its production function,90%of grassland in China has been degraded to varying degrees.The grassland ecosystem has been seriously damaged,and the speed of governance has been far behind the degradation rate.In this paper,it is reviewed that the degradation of grassland restoration mechanism and the research progress of restoration technology,and summarized the past experiences and problems of degraded grassland ecological restoration work.The results show that,in mechanism research,it based on the theory of community ecology,ecological system function traits downward effect principle,threshold model and integrated filtering model as the latest theory of degraded grassland restoration.The grassland ecosystem degradation not only included vegetation coverage change,but also the change of dominant plant species,the decline of forage quality and production and the loss of species diversity.In terms of technical research,grassland restoration was shifted from single technological improvement to systematic comprehensive management,forming a restoration and management technology with biodiversity maintenance,optimal allocation of community structure,soil and seed storage restoration as the main ideas.At present,the mature grassland restoration techniques in China include fenced enclosure,aerial seeding,shallow tillage,no-tillage supplementary sowing,rotation grazing and time-limited grazing,etc.At the same time,the government has formulated a series of policies to curb grassland degradation and set up many ecological construction projects,such as the grassland household contract system,returning farmland to forest and grassland,returning grazing land to grassland,and the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project.It is the research direction of grassland degradation and restoration in China in the future to integrate and innovate grassland ecological restoration technology system and win-win mode of sustainable production development with precise measures taken in accordance with local conditions.
关键词
退化草原/生态修复/围栏封育/以草定畜/草畜平衡
Key words
degraded grassland/ecological restoration/fencing/grass to settle livestock/grass-livestock balance
维普
万方数据