首页|水稻产量对长期不同施肥和环境的响应

水稻产量对长期不同施肥和环境的响应

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以开始于1982年的不同施肥长期定位试验为平台,选择氮磷钾肥(NPK)、有机肥(牛粪, M)、氮磷钾肥+有机肥(NPKM)、氮磷肥+有机肥(NPM)、氮钾肥+有机肥(NKM)和磷钾肥+有机肥(PKM)共6个处理,采用产量年际变化、变异系数(CV)、产量可持续指数(SYI)、肥料增产贡献率及AMMI模型对影响双季稻稻谷总产量稳定性的施肥处理、环境和二者互作进行综合分析,研究历年稻谷产量(1982—2012年)对长期不同施肥和环境的响应特征。结果表明： NPKM处理稻谷产量最高；在养分投入量相同的情况下,单施有机肥和单施化肥对于早稻产量的影响效果一致,但单施有机肥较单施化肥有利于提高晚稻稻谷产量。不同施肥处理稻谷产量CV随试验时间延长逐渐降低,有机无机配施相比较单施化肥能够减小产量CV,各处理晚稻产量的CV大于早稻,但其SYI值小于早稻。NPKM处理的SYI值最高,为0.51； M和NPK处理的SYI值分别为0.44和0.42。肥料对于产量的贡献率表现为：有机肥>化肥氮>化肥磷>化肥钾。AMMI模型交互效应主成分(IPCA)表明,不同施肥处理在不同试验年份对环境的响应不一样。综合以上分析结果,氮磷钾完全肥基础上配施有机肥(NPKM)是该区域双季稻高产和稳产的最佳施肥措施。
Response of rice yield to different long-term fertilization regimes and the environment
This study was based on a long-term fertilization experiment on rice-rice rotation started in 1982 at the HengYang Red Soil Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Six fertilization treatments of the experiment were chosen — chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer (NPK), cattle manure (M), NPK plus M (NPKM), NP plus M (NPM), NK plus M (NKM) and PK plus M (PKM) in this study. The effects of fertilization, environment and their interaction on rice yield stability were determined according to inter-annual variability and coefficient of variation (CV) of rice yield, sustainable yield index (SYI), contribution of fertilizer to rice productivity, as well as the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. Results showed that among various treatments, NPKM treatment had the highest grain yield. Rice yield increased with increasing N fertilizer. The yield-increasing effect of combined application of chemical P and K fertilizers was better than that of sole application of P or K fertilizer at the same N application rate. Chemical K fertilizer presented better yield-increasing effect than chemical P fertilizer. Under long-term application, organic fertilizer was more favored rice yield increase than chemical fertilizer. There was no significant difference in early rice yield between M and NPK treatments under the same nutrient input. However, yield of late rice under M treatment was significantly higher than that under NPK treatment. For all the treatments, the CV of rice yield decreased with time. However, the application of M plus chemical fertilizers had smaller yield CV than the application of chemical fertilizers alone. For all the treatments, the CV of late rice yield was higher than that of early rice yield. However, the SYI of late rice yield was lower than that of early rice. Also for all the treatments, SYI was highest for NPKM treatment (0.51). SYI for M and NPK treatments were 0.44 and 0.42, respectively. The order of contribution rate of fertilizers to rice yield was: organic fertilizer > chemical N > chemical P > chemical K. The results of AMMI model showed that different fertilizer treatments had different response to the environment for different experimental years. Thus based on the results, the use of chemical fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizers (NPKM) was the optimal fertilization regime of maintaining high crop productivity and yield stability of double cropping rice in the study area.

Rice yieldLong-term fertilizationCoefficient of variation (CV) of rice yieldSustainable yield indexFertilizer contribution to yield

黄晶、张杨珠、刘淑军、高菊生

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中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室北京 100081

中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站/祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站祁阳 426182

湖南农业大学资源环境学院长沙 410128

稻谷产量 长期施肥 产量变异系数 产量可持续性指数 肥料增产贡献率

中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金公益性行业(农业)科研专项公益性行业(农业)科研专项国家科技支撑计划项目

2014-92012030302011030052012BAD05B05

2015

10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150409

中国生态农业学报(中英文)
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 中国生态经济学会

中国生态农业学报(中英文)

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心
影响因子：1.937
ISSN：2096-6237
年,卷(期)：2015.(11)
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