摘要
采集焉耆盆地土壤样品,测定重金属的含量,然后运用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析结合行政区划、土地利用类型以及土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618-1995)研究焉耆盆地表层土壤中重金属的分布特征、来源及区域差异.结果表明:焉耆盆地表层土壤中6种重金属的平均含量顺序为:Mn＞Zn＞Ni＞Pb＞As＞Hg;其中Zn、Pb、Ni、As的最大值超过新疆土壤背景值,但未超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准.地统计分析表明,As、Pb、Hg和Zn在盆地西北部焉耆县以及和静县出现较高值;Mn和Ni在盆地西南部及东北部博湖县和和硕县出现较高值.在焉耆盆地4种土地利用类型土壤中,As、Hg、Pb、Zn的平均含量顺序为耕地＞草地＞荒漠＞湿地;Mn、Ni的平均含量顺序为荒漠＞草地＞湿地＞耕地.结合考虑焉耆盆地不同土壤采样点的背景值,As、Pb、Hg和Zn主要来源于人为污染,Mn和Ni主要来源于自然环境.研究表明,近年来的经济发展已经对盆地西部焉耆县耕地等土地利用类型表层土壤中重金属含量产生负面影响,应引起重视,加强对不合理经济活动的控制,保护绿洲环境.
Abstract
In order to understand the status of heavy metal contents in Yanqi basin,a typical oasis basin in arid region,we collected soil samples and measured the contents of Pb,Mn,As,Zn,Ni and Hg.The multi-variate statistical analysis and geostatistical analysis methods in combination with administrative division,land use types and the National Standard of Soil Quality (GB 15618-1995) were applied to study the spatial distribution characteristics,source,and regional differences of heavy metals in the soils of Yanqi basin.The results showed that the average contents of the six heavy metals in Yanqi basin was in order of Zn ＞ Pb ＞ Mn ＞ As ＞ Ni ＞ Hg.The maximum contents of Zn,Pb,Ni and As exceeded the soil background values of Xinjiang,but were still within the second grade of the national standard.Geostatistical analysis showed that the contents of As,Pb,Hg and Zn were higher in the northwestern Yanqi county and Hejing county,while Mn and Ni had higher contents in southeastern and southwestern Heshuo county and Bohu county.The contents of As,Hg,Pb and Zn in different land use types were in order of cropland ＞ grassland ＞ bare land ＞ wetland,while the contents of Mn and Ni were in order of bare land ＞ grassland ＞ wetland ＞ cropland.According to the background of the sampling sites,As,Pb,Hg and Zn mainly originated from anthropogenic pollution,while Mn and Ni mainly originated from natural environment.Our results suggested that recent economic development had negative influences on heavy metal contents in the cropland and some other land use types of the west of the basin.Therefore,we should pay more attention on such influence and take measures to prevent the pollution of heavy metals in soils of Yanqi basin.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金重点项目新疆联合基金(U1138302)
国家自然科学基金(41061025)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据