为明确西北半干旱区覆盖栽培对旱地马铃薯田土壤温度及产量的影响，于2021年在陇中半干旱区设置田间试验，比较了秸秆带状覆盖单行(S30)、秸秆带状覆盖双行(S50)、地膜覆盖(PM)和露地平作(CK)对旱地马铃薯土壤温度及产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比，S30和S50分别降低了马铃薯各时期的土壤温度0。8～3。2℃和0。2～1。7℃，而PM显著增加了土壤温度1。9～3。5℃，降幅和增幅分别以苗期和块茎膨大期最大;各土层间，S30和S50分别较CK降温1。4～2。8℃和0。2～1。4 ℃，降幅均以10 cm 土层最大，而PM较CK增温2。3～3。3℃，增幅以15 cm 土层最大;此外，秸秆带状覆盖在低温时段能抑制土壤热量的散失，高温时段阻碍地表对热量的吸收，而地膜覆盖增强了地表对热量的吸收，与CK相比，秸秆带状覆盖的温度梯度平均降低了 12。2～13。9 ℃·m-1，降幅S30大于S50，而地膜覆盖的温度梯度提高了 1。9～14。4℃·m-1;覆盖显著较CK增加了马铃薯产量，产量增幅表现为PM(16。1％)＞S50(14。1％)＞S30(8。4％)。在陇中半干旱区，秸秆带状覆盖能明显调节优化马铃薯田土壤温度，促进块茎的膨大及产量形成，是适宜于半干旱区马铃薯种植的栽培技术。
Effects of straw strip mulching on soil temperature and yield of potato in dryland
To clarify the effects of mulching cultivation on soil temperature and yield of dryland potato fields in semi-arid region of Northwest China,a field experiment was conducted in the semi-arid agricultural region of Long-zhong in 2021.There were four treatments,including straw strip mulching of single row(S30),straw strip mul-ching of double row(S50),plastic film mulching(PM),and open field no mulching(CK).The results showed that compared with CK,S30 and S50 reduced soil temperature at each stage of potato growth by 0.8-3.2 ℃ and 0.2-1.7 ℃,respectively,while PM significantly increased soil temperature by 1.9-3.5 ℃,with the greatest decreasing and increasing at the seedling and tuber bulking stage,respectively.Among different soil layers,the temperature under S30 and S50 decreased by 1.4-2.8 ℃ and 0.2-1.4 ℃ compared with CK,respectively,with the largest decrease in 10 cm soil layer.The temperature under PM increased by 2.3-3.3 ℃,with the largest increase in 15 cm soil layer.Straw strip mulching inhibited the loss of soil heat during the low temperature period,and hindered the absorption of heat by the surface during the high temperature period,while plastic film mulching enhanced the absorption of heat by the surface.Compared with CK,the temperature gradient of straw strip mulching decreased by 12.2-13.9℃·m-1 on average,with stronger reduction of S30 than S50.The temperature gradient of plastic film mulching increased by 1.9-14.4 ℃·m-1.Mulching significantly increased potato yield,with yield increase in an order of PM(16.1％)＞S50(14.1％)＞S30(8.4％).In Longzhong,straw strip mulching can reg-ulate and optimize soil temperature of potato fields,promoting tuber bulking and yield formation,which is a suitable technology for potato cultivation in semi-arid areas.
straw strip mulchingplastic film mulchingsoil temperaturedryland potatoyield
万方数据
维普
