Effects of availability and form of exogenous nitrogen on plant growth and physiology:Progress and pros-pects
Nitrogen(N)is one of the most important nutrient elements controlling plant structure and function and maintaining ecosystem stability.The differences in exogenous N availability and form have significant effect on plant growth and physiological traits.Due to global climate change and intensified human activities,the mobility and deposition of N into terrestrial ecosystems increase rapidly and the form of N deposition is also changing,which seri-ously damages the normal growth of plants and the balance and stability of ecosystem,and has become a hot topic.We summarized the effects of different N addition levels and forms on plant growth,photosynthesis,nutrient absorp-tion,and metabolic enzyme activity.We concluded that:(1)proper N input could promote plant growth,photo-synthesis,and nutrient absorption capacity,but has inhibiting effect on plants once exceeding the threshold of plant tolerance;(2)due to the difference in plant preference for N form absorption,the effects of ammonium or nitrate N on plant growth,photosynthesis,nutrient absorption,and metabolic enzyme activity are different,and the appropri-ate ratio of ammonium and nitrate N has a more significant promotion effect on most plants than the addition of a single N form.Four important research directions should be considered in future:(1)carrying out large scale long-term positioning observation of manipulative experiments;(2)exploring the microscopic mechanism of N form af-fecting plants using molecular biology techniques;(3)focusing on the effect of soil rhizosphere environment on root N uptake;(4)comprehensively analyzing the interaction between N addition and other environmental factors and accurately assessing typical plant population dynamics and community structure changes.Our study provides theore-tical reference for exploring the mechanism of plant growth and physiology and enabling sustainability of plant pro-duction systems under exogenous N addition.
N inputN availabilityN formplant growthplant physiology and ecology
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