摘要
农业废弃有机物料的肥料化利用有利于改良土壤物理、化学和微生物学性质.本研究探讨了化肥单施(CK)、传统堆肥(OF)和蚯蚓堆肥(VCF)施用对黄瓜种植土壤化学性质、酶活性及微生物群落数量和多样性的影响.结果表明:OF和VCF处理显著提高土壤pH值、有机碳和全氮含量,显著增强土壤脱氢酶、α-葡糖苷酶、碱性磷酸单酯酶和磷酸二酯酶的活性,显著提高土壤细菌的绝对丰度和α多样性,对土壤真菌数量和α多样性影响不显著;OF和VCF处理改变了土壤微生物群落结构,改变了 土壤细菌和真菌群落组成,显著降低水恒杆菌属(Mizugakiibacter)、罗河杆菌属(Rhodanobacter)和青霉菌属(Penicillium)相对丰度;土壤细菌的群落丰富度Chao1、α多样性Shannon指数与pH值、有机碳含量、全氮、磷酸二酯酶活性之间存在显著的相关关系.冗余分析表明:土壤总钾含量、β-葡糖苷酶和酸性磷酸单酯酶是影响土壤细菌群落的关键因素,土壤α-葡糖苷酶是影响土壤真菌群落的关键因素.传统堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥均能提高土壤的化学性质、酶活性,改变微生物的群落结构,提高微生物群落多样性.
Abstract
Using agricultural waste organic materials as fertilizer is beneficial to soil physical,chemical and micro-biological properties.In this study,we examined the effects of application of chemical fertilizer(CK),traditional compost(OF),and vermicompost(VCF)on chemical properties,enzyme activities,and the number and diversity of microbial communities in cucumber planting soil.The results showed that OF and VCF treatments significantly increased soil pH,organic carbon content,and total nitrogen content,the activities of soil dehydrogenase,α-gluco-sidase,alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase,and the abundance and alpha diversity of soil bacteri-a.In contrast,they had no significant effect on the abundance and alpha diversity of soil fungi.OF and VCF treat-ments altered soil microbial community structure,bacterial and fungal community composition,and significantly reduced the relative abundances of Mizugakiibacter,Rhodanobacter,and Penicillium.Richness Chao1 and α-diver-sity Shannon index of soil bacterial community were significantly correlated with pH value,organic carbon content,total nitrogen content,and phosphodiesterase activity.Results of redundancy analysis showed that total soil potassi-um content,β-glucosidase and acid phosphomonoesterase activities were the key factors affecting soil bacterial com-munity,while soil α-glucosidase activity was the key factor affecting soil fungal community.Both traditional com-posting and vermicomposting improved the chemical properties and enzyme activities of soil,changed microbial community structure,and increased microbial community diversity.
基金项目
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28090100)
中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)区域重点项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-180)
辽宁省现代保护性耕作研发与应用高水平创新创业团队项目(XLYC2008015)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据