摘要
拉绳测试是比较心理学研究中最为广泛使用的行为测试之一,已经用于测试多种鸟类、哺乳动物及无脊椎动物.探索动物通过拉绳获得食物等奖励的过程,可以评估动物对空间和因果关系的理解.本文总结了动物拉绳的方法以及不同动物类群拉绳的模式和特点,并重点阐述了不同拉绳测试所涉及的认知机制.动物拉绳时会使用两种不同的方式,包括侧步(单侧肢体拉绳)和双步(肢体交错拉绳).在拉绳测试中,绳子多水平或垂直方式排列,可以将不同数量或排列方式的绳子呈现给动物,以研究动物在解决拉绳问题时采用的认知机制.动物拉绳涉及先天行为、邻近原则、试错学习、手段-目的和感知反馈等机制.拉绳测试是研究动物认知的重要方法,有助于加深对动物认知的了解.
Abstract
The string-pulling test is one of the most widely used behavioral approaches in comparative psychology research on animals,including birds,mammals,and invertebrates.Exploring the process by which animals obtain rewards such as food by string pulling can assess their understanding of spatial and causal relationships.Here,we summarize the methods of string-pulling in animals,the patterns and characteristics of string-pulling in different an-imal groups,and the underlying cognitive mechanisms.Two different methods were used in the animal string-pulling test,including side-stepping(one-side limb pulling string)and double-stepping(staggered pulling string with both limbs).In the tests,strings were mostly arranged in horizontal or vertical directions.Different numbers and arrange-ments of strings could be presented to animals to understand the underlying cognitive mechanisms.In animal string-pulling tests,the main mechanisms involved congenital behavior,the proximity principle,trial-and-error learning,means-end understanding,and perceptual feedback.String-pulling test is an important method for studying animal cognition,which helps improve the understanding of animal cognition.
国家科技期刊平台
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