Functional trait difference among species is one of the central issues in species coexistence.However,the effects of intraspecific variation in functional traits on species coexistence and distribution remain unclear.Based on a forest canopy tower crane platform,we explored the variations in leaf morphology,physiological,and biochem-ical functional traits of ten dominant tree species along the canopy vertical gradient from a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain.Leaf thickness,leaf mass per area,flavonoid,effective photochemical quantum yield,and leaf C/N tended to increase with increasing canopy height.Leaf functional traits varied significantly among tree species.Interspecific variations significantly affected morphological and chemical traits.Intraspecific variations con-tributed more to the variations of physiological traits,which was higher in the upper canopy than in the lower cano-py.The interspecific variation was not significant along the vertical gradient.The significant variations of leaf func-tional traits among vertical canopy gradients demonstrated the importance of the interspecific variations for species coexistence in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest,but the intraspecific variations cannot be ignored.
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